History and distribution
Turmeric has been used in Asia for thousands of years and is a major part of Ayurveda, Siddha medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Unani,and the animistic rituals of Austronesian peoples. It was first used as a dye, and then later for its supposed properties in folk medicine.
Although the precise origin of turmeric is not known, it appears to have originated from tropical Southeast Asia. It is most associated with India today. The greatest diversity of Curcuma species by number alone is in India, at around 40 to 45 species. Thailand has a comparable 30 to 40 species for example, but is much smaller than India. Other countries in tropical Asia also have numerous wild species of Curcuma. Recent studies have also shown that the taxonomy of Curcuma longa is problematic, with only the specimens from South India being identifiable as C. longa. The phylogeny, relationships, intraspecific and interspecific variation, and even identity of other species and cultivars in other parts of the world still need to be established and validated. Various species currently utilized and sold as "turmeric" in other parts of Asia have been shown to belong to several physically similar taxa, with overlapping local names.
Furthermore, in the case of the use and spread of turmeric by the Austronesian peoples into Oceania and Madagascar, there is strong linguistic and circumstantial evidence that it pre-dated contact with India. The populations in Polynesia and Micronesia, in particular, never came into contact with India, but use turmeric widely for both food and dye. Thus independent domestication events are also likely.
Function
- With the function of improving blood circulation and treating amenorrhea;
- With the function of lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, anti-tumor and anti-oxidation;
- With the function of treating women's dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea.
- Curcumin can be used as medicines' raw materials for anti-inflammatory and regulating menstruation, it is mainly used in pharmaceutical field;
- Curcumin can be used as products for regulating menstruation, it is mainly used in health product industry;
- Curcumin can be used as pigments, food additives of seasoning, it is mainly used in cosmetic industry.
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